On the Moral Purpose of Guillotines

The mechanism for human beheading that got its name from Joseph Ignace Guillotin is quite good at doing the job for which it was designed.  

Dr. Guillotin was an Enlightenment reformer, a progressive, eager to eliminate the brutality of public executions.  Hangings and other unpleasantnesses inflicted on the condemned among the lower classes were ugly, but so too were the choppy choppy sword and axe executions inflicted on the rich.  It being the enlightened, modern era, Guillotin argued that the purpose of executions was not egregious suffering, but swiftly dispatching a soul to their maker. Oddly enough, he personally opposed the death penalty, and the naming of this machine after him is one of the peculiarities of history.  

It is, as mechanisms go, quite simple.

A grooved wooden frame, into which a weighted blade is set at a height.  Below, a pillory, into which the person about to meet the Deity of their Choice is secured.  Activate the mechanism, and ssssshunk.  Off goes the head.  Instakill.  Neat, precise, swift.

Guillotines were pressed into service most famously during the French Revolution, when they were used to remove the heads of the aristocracy from their bodies.  Kings and queens, lords and ladies, lined up and slaughtered, their heads piling up, as mobs of Jacobins and peasants cheered.  Jacobins were, of course, the primordial leftists who gave the Left its name, as they sat on the left side of the French National Assembly at the dawn of that popular uprising.

That, I think, is the image that for some reason strikes a chord with left-leaning folk, every time some new capitalist depredation is noted.  "Time for the guillotines!  Nothing a guillotine wouldn't solve!"  Memes get memed.  This is meant only kind of in jest, the sort of joking-not-joking that defines so much of our life on social media.

The problem is, of course, that the guillotine isn't progressive.  It's simply a machine designed to allow the powerful to swiftly kill the powerless.  

The French Revolution quickly descended into the Reign of Terror, and started taking the heads of any who stood against the most radical of the Jacobins.  Calls for moderation were met with more beheadings, including those of the Jacobins themselves.  Does the name Danton ring a bell?  No?  It should.  Here.  Watch this entire classic movie.  In the end, even Robespierre, the architect of the Reign of Terror, ended up decapitated. 

And also...y'all were paying attention in history class, right?  What the guillotine accomplished politically was a transition from an autocrat to an autocrat, from Louis XVI to Napoleon, from a king to an emperor.  

It's not an instrument of positive change.  If anything, the guillotine is the symbol of self-annihilating progressive overreach.

But perhaps you're still grumbling and doubling down about guillotines as a tool of the People's Revolution.  

Here.  Let me raise the blade.  Let me set the mechanism.  Let me separate you from your childish notions of redemptive violence.

Who else, in history, used guillotines on the regular?  

One guess.  You know it.

Nazis. 

By the 1930s, that system of execution had been improved by German engineering.  Same mechanism, but made of metal, with a much heavier weight bearing down on the much sharper blade.  Neat.  Compact. Efficient.  You could fit them indoors, in an execution chamber, for ease of processing and quietly eliminating those who opposed the Reich's fascism.

The Nazis executed over sixteen thousand "enemies of the state" with their guillotines.  

The communist charged with setting the Reichstag fire.  The Dutch Christian students who circulated anti-Nazi pamphlets as the White Rose.  Franz Jagerstatter, an Austrian Catholic farmer who refused to swear allegiance to Hitler.  

It's a tool used by Power to kill the powerless.  Nothing more.  Nothing less.

Morally speaking, there's a word for that.

Care to guess?